The Coolidge Scholarship application includes three essays. Essays two and three both have required readings which can be found below.
Please note: while the below readings are required, you are certainly permitted to reference other sources when preparing your essays — a good place to start is our About Coolidge page and the Coolidge Virtual Library.
Essay 1
You have learned and achieved much up to this point in your life. What are the next intellectual frontiers you hope to explore in your college years and how do you envision you might use the knowledge you gain?
Note: this essay does not simply ask what you hope to major in during college and what job you want as a career. Instead, please write about the ideas that interest you most, what you still have to learn about them, and what you envision you might do with the knowledge you gain in college. Please limit your essay to 400 words.
Essay 2
Throughout history, Americans have always wanted a better future for their country. However, the role the Federal Government should play in bringing about that better future has been a subject of debate from our country’s earliest days. In an essay of no more than 600 words, compare and contrast Calvin Coolidge’s philosophy about the proper role of the Federal Government with that of another U.S. president from the same era — Theodore Roosevelt. Describe each leader’s views and explain the logic of how each President thought his respective philosophy about the proper role of the Federal Government would bring about a better America. For this essay, limit your analysis to domestic — rather than foreign — policy. To prepare for this essay, read the Autobiography of Calvin Coolidge and other resources provided at the links below. You may augment these materials with additional research if you like.
Required Readings
- One of the required readings for Essays 2 and 3 is the Autobiography of Calvin Coolidge. The Coolidge Foundation recently published a new edition of the Autobiography, which includes a new introduction and additional supplemental material. The new edition can be purchased from the Coolidge Foundation’s online store at this link. Older editions of the Autobiography are also acceptable for you to read, and can be found at most libraries. A free version of an older edition of Coolidge’s Autobiography can also be accessed here from Archive.org. (Note: Archive.org is a third-party site and is not affiliated with the Coolidge Scholars Program.)
- The Limitations of the Law – Speech by Vice President Calvin Coolidge, August 10, 1922
- The Inspiration of the Declaration of Independence – Excerpt of speech by President Calvin Coolidge, July 5, 1926
- President Coolidge’s 1925 Inaugural Address – Excerpt of speech by President Calvin Coolidge, March 4, 1925
- The New Nationalism – Excerpt of speech by President Theodore Roosevelt, August 31, 1910
- A Charter of Democracy – Excerpt of speech by former President Theodore Roosevelt, February 21, 1912
- Acceptance Speech at the Progressive Party Convention – Excerpt of speech by former President Theodore Roosevelt, August 6, 1912
- Excerpt from chapter 10 of Theodore Roosevelt – An Autobiography
Essay 3
Today the federal individual income tax seems a permanent fixture of American life. But the income tax was relatively young in the 1920s — having been made permanent by the Sixteenth Amendment to the Constitution and the 1913 Underwood-Simmons Act. Following World War I, tax rates were high and federal tax reform was a major policy priority of the 1920 Republican platform, which called the load of taxes on Americans “staggering.” Tax changes were a key goal of Warren Harding’s Administration. When Harding passed away in 1923, President Coolidge and his Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon continued to lead reforms.
The 1920s represent an early experiment in tax reform. In this essay, you are tasked with analyzing this experiment. What was the logic behind the 1920s tax reforms? Reviewing the evidence from this decade, what is your evaluation of the impact of the 1920s tax reforms? What lessons, if any, should we take away? Please find resources available at the link below to assist in your research. You may augment these materials with additional research if you like. Please limit your essay to 600 words.
Required Readings & Research
- One of the required readings for Essays 2 and 3 is the Autobiography of Calvin Coolidge. The Coolidge Foundation recently published a new edition of the Autobiography, which includes a new introduction and additional supplemental material. The new edition can be purchased from the Coolidge Foundation’s online store at this link. Older editions of the Autobiography are also acceptable for you to read, and can be found at most libraries. A free version of an older edition of Coolidge’s Autobiography can also be accessed here from Archive.org. (Note: Archive.org is a third-party site and is not affiliated with the Coolidge Scholars Program.)
- Chapter 1 of Taxation: The People’s Business by Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon
- Address Before the National Republican Club – Excerpt of speech by President Coolidge, February 12, 1924
- President Coolidge’s 1925 Inaugural Address – Excerpt of speech by President Coolidge, March 4, 1925
- Address at the Fifteenth Regular Meeting of the Business Organization of the Government – Excerpt of speech by President Coolidge, June 11, 1928
- Speech by Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon – Excerpt of speech by Andrew Mellon, October 11, 1928
- Summary of federal income tax rates from 1920-1928; Source: Tax Foundation – Historical Individual Income Tax Rates & Brackets
- Federal income tax receipts by income group during the 1920s; Source: Treasury Department, United States Internal Revenue, Statistics of Income
- Summary of federal receipts, outlays, and surpluses or deficits from 1913 – 1940; Source: White House, Office of Management and Budget